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The Ives Quartet begins their season with operatic influences

 

November 4, 2013

The Ives Quartet begins their season with operatic influences

by Stephen Smoliar, SF Classical Music Examiner

This season the San Francisco performances of the subscription concerts offered by the Ives Quartet (violinists Bettina Mussumeli and Susan Freier, violist Jodi Levitz, and cellist Stephen Harrison) are taking place at Old First Church as part of the Old First Concerts series. That season began yesterday afternoon with a program entitled From Opera to Quartet. The program featured string quartets by two of this year’s “anniversary composers” of opera, the only mature purely instrumental work by Giuseppe Verdi (whose 200th birthday was celebrated last month on both October 9 and October 10 to account for any uncertainty), a four-movement string quartet in E minor composed in 1873, and the third published string quartet by Benjamin Britten (whose 100th birthday will be on November 22), his Opus 94 composed in 1975, not long before his death. These two major achievements were separated by “Crisantemi” (chrysanthemums), an elegy composed by Giacomo Puccini in 1890.

Verdi composed his string quartet in Naples “just to pass the time” (his words), due to delays in the revivals of Don Carlo and Aida. Jane Troy Johnson’s notes for yesterday’s program booklet observed that Verdi reportedly kept scores of the string quartets of Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven by his bedside. (This might explain why one of the more vigorous choral passages in Simon Boccanegra has a motivic trace of the Presto movement from Beethoven’s Opus 130 in B-flat major.) That “bedtime reading” served him well in his 1873 quartet, particularly in the energetic fugue of the final movement. The opening movement, on the other hand, offers an intriguing allusion to Aida (which was clearly on his mind at the time of composition); and the second movement Andantino could easily be called a song (or aria) without words.

The Ives Quartet performance proved to be quite effective. One could appreciate the music as the work of a composer whose bread-and-butter came from opera but whose admiration for Beethoven could sustain his attention at the end of a “typical working day.” Mussumeli got to “play the role of the diva” in the second movement but never neglected her allegiance to the more “democratic” interactions required by this string quartet. That “democratic stance” emerged in full glory with the concluding fugue, which may well have inspired Verdi to conclude Falstaff with an even more elaborate instance of fugal composition.

Britten’s last years were spent in the shadow of death. He had a heart valve replaced at the National Heart Hospital in May of 1973 but suffered a slight stoke after the surgery, which affected his right hand. One of nurses at the National Heart Hospital moved to Aldeburgh in 1974 and took care of him until his death in December of 1976.

It was in this setting that he composed (with his weakened right hand) the Opus 94 quartet. As might be suspected, his final opera, Death in Venice, was much on his mind. The fifth movement of the quartet, which is entitled “La serenissima” (the most serene one), had been composed while Britten was in Venice (probably in 1956). The “serenissima” theme became part of the opera; and the quartet movement became the conclusion of Opus 94. In sharp contrast that movement is preceded by a raucous burlesque that reflected Britten’s friendship with Dmitri Shostakovich. Shostakovich died on August 9, 1975, and his health had been deteriorating for several years. Thus, the shadow that death cast over Opus 94 was also being cast over Shostakovich at the same time.

One could thus appreciate the bleak rhetorical stance taken by the Ives Quartet in performing Opus 94. They even explained why they had selected to begin their program with it. Harrison observed that it is music that can only be followed by extended silence. However, because the mood is so dark, he felt that the break afforded by an intermission would be preferable to sending the audience home with the haunting qualities of Opus 94’s final measures as the most salient memory.

Ironically, the darkness “healed” by the intermission was followed by Puccini’s elegy. (In Italy the chrysanthemum is a flower of mourning.) Musically, however, this was a far briefer ternary-form composition that would probably have been called an intermezzo by Puccini’s Viennese predecessors. Many will recognize some of the thematic material, because Puccini subsequently used it in Manon Lescaut for several of that opera’s less cheerful moments. Johnson’s notes for the program book described those themes as “dripping with sentiment.” Fortunately, the Ives Quartet chose to dwell more on an informed account of Puccini’s approach to chromaticism than on playing up that sentimentality, providing an opportunity to appreciate not only the instrumental side of Puccini but also the impact of his capacity for brevity.

 

Subscriptions and single tickets now on sale for SEASON 15

Ives Quartet Season 15
FALL: From Opera To Quartet
St. Mark’s: Friday, November 1, 2013, 8PM
Old First Concerts: Sunday, November 3, 2013, 4PM

Benjamin Britten: String Quartet No. 3, Op. 94
Giacomo Puccini: I Crisantemi
Giuseppe Verdi: String Quartet in E minor

Beloved opera composers, Verdi, Puccini and Britten, also wrote a handful of gems for string quartet. Our program honors Britten’s centennial and Verdi’s bicentennial with performances of Britten’s last and Verdi’s single quartet, his only purely instrumental work. Puccini’s elegiac movement is one of his rare contributions to quartet literature and the only one still in the repertory.

WINTER: Each an Experiment
St. Mark’s: Friday, February 21, 8PM

Old First Concerts: Sunday, February 23, 2014, 4PM

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: String Quartet in E-flat major, K.428
Henry Cowell: String Quartet No. 3, Mosaic
Felix Mendelssohn: String Quartet in F minor, Op. 80

The searching Mozart, the experimenting Cowell and the grieving Mendelssohn make up the winter program. In emulation of Haydn, Mozart seeks a more complex quartet style while Cowell’s Mosaic is just that—a free-form composition whose movements can be played in any order. Mendelssohn’s last major work before his death, the F minor quartet, is subtitled “Requiem for Fanny” in memory of his beloved sister.

SPRING: East and West
St. Mark’s: Friday, April 25, 2014, 8PM
Old First Concerts: Sunday, April 27, 2014, 4PM

Julian Waterfall Pollack: String Quartet, co-commissioned with Telluride Music Festival
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: String Quartet No.3 in E-flat minor, Op.30
Dmitri Shostakovich: Piano Quintet, in G minor, Op.57, guest pianist Miles Graber

Bay area native, Julian Waterfall Pollack, is an accomplished composer and a consummate jazz artist whose love of classic standards, romantics and minimalism influence this new work written for the IQ. Because of its deeply felt and immediately popular Andante funebre, Tchaikovsky’s Third Quartet, written in memory of a colleague, was played in memorial performances for the composer himself. For Shostakovich’s Piano Quintet, a 1940 masterpiece drawing inspiration from Bach, our good friend Miles Graber will join IQ.

MUSIC IN CONTEXT
Palo Alto Salon Series
Sundays at 4PM

October 6, 2013
Giuseppe Verdi: “Is There Opera in Here?”

Giuseppe Verdi, almost exclusively an opera composer, wrote one solely instrumental work, his String Quartet in E minor. What in Verdi’s unique voice travels across these seemingly disparate genres? IQ looks into the effect Verdi’s operative writing had on our musical decisions and rehearsal process.

March 9, 2014
Henry Cowell: California Maverick

We’ll focus on Mosaic and United, the third and fourth of Cowell’s quartets. What is experimental about these pieces? How do they fit into what was considered “modern” in Cowell’s time?

May 18, 2014
Julian Pollack: Popular music becomes “Classical”

Composer Julian Waterfall Pollack and IQ explore those qualities that cross-traditional boundaries in the composer’s new work. How did Pollack’s love of vernacular music find its way into the structure of a string quartet?

House Concerts: Small Is Beautiful

February 19, 2013
By Jeff Kaliss, San Francisco Classical Voice

On a warm, starry evening last week, Katherine and Roy Bukstein opened their spacious Hillsborough home to bolster an endowment for second-prize winners of the California Music Center’s (CMC) annual Irving M. Klein String Competition. Some three dozen folks from all over the region got to attend this contemporary version of a vital tradition dating back as long as chamber music itself. But did house concerts always sound and taste this good back then?

Greeted at the door by Katherine, an amateur violist, guests were invited to mingle and converse, and then sample a delectable buffet prepared by the CMC’s executive director, Fred Spitz, washed down by select California wines. Attention moved on to the Bukstein living room, for an equally delicious musical offering by cellist Matthew Allen, the Klein second-prize winner in 2011, with pianist Yannick Rafalimanana. After the performance, there was dessert and dialogue to be shared with the performers, plus an informal reading of Brahms by a quartet including the hostess. Yes, house concerts make music fun.

“It’s about taking off the stage lights and just experiencing the music together,” commented Allen. Indeed, the small crowd, airy setting, and proximity to the music made it as easy for the exotic accents of Allen’s articulation of Bartók and Kodály to tingle the eardrums as it had been for Spitz’s braised brisket and kale and brussels sprouts salad to tantalize the taste buds.

House concerts have been enjoying something of a revival. Former hedge fund manager George Hecksher had hosting them in mind when he started house hunting in 1998, after returning to San Francisco from New York City. “I wanted to re-create a salon atmosphere that one might have found in Vienna or London in the 19th century,” Hecksher reveals. “I’d been to the Mozart houses in Austria, and one of my [other] inspirations was the Morgan Library and the Frick Museum [in New York].” Hecksher and his wife settled on and into a Pacific Heights residence built by former Opera Association President Kenneth Monteagle, who’d incorporated “a music room with a place for a grand piano, a nice large room that fit my dream perfectly.”

Hecksher then began scouting student talent at the San Francisco Conservatory. “I’d approach them, or their mother or father, and explain what I was doing. Of course, no one ever said no, because that’s what musicians need the most: more places to play for appreciative audiences,” he remarks. An encounter with Roberto Diaz, incoming head of the Curtis Institute, expanded Hecksher’s “bookings” to include students from Philadelphia. “The first person Roberto sent me was Yuja Wang,” Hecksher recalls with a chuckle. “I think she was 17, and people didn’t know who she was. And the second person he sent me was Jonathan Biss. That was my niche: to find ‘starving’ students in school, looking to earn a few bucks and get some experience, and people who hadn’t been picked up by major management and were having a struggle to get jobs. It’s where I could add value to the whole scene.”

Notice about house concerts may go out through widespread publicity, via social media, or by invitation only, depending on the arrangement. In Hecksher’s case, reports of his good taste and hospitality, which included a Steinway Hamburg grand piano for performers and quality food and drink for guests, pushed his series a bit beyond his control. “The guest list started out with just friends, and then word-of-mouth went crazy, and I began quickly to have the problem of more people wanting to attend than I had room for. A lot of people said they’d never experienced anything like that, and how much better it was than the Symphony [Hall], what a great time it was, please invite me back.” After seven years, presenting one or two concerts a month from September to June, Hecksher decided to take a break to spend more time with his high school daughter.

Ellen Lapham got acquainted with hosting house concerts three decades ago, in the course of pursuing a lucrative career with Syntauri, a Palo Alto manufacturer of early computer-linked musical systems. She later put the concerts to the purpose of raising funds for the CMC and the Klein Competition, which “emphasized the intimate side of the music and not just the blockbuster side of it.” The intimate social setting accorded with “my basic premise: that musicians are people, and that a lot of what they enjoy is not just performing and interacting with other musicians, but interacting with people who are there to listen to the music.”
When she relocated to her current home in Nevada City, Lapham passed CMC/Klein hosting responsibilities on to her Peninsula home’s new occupants, Bill Clancey and Danielle Fafchamps, who were succeeded by Nancy Quinn and Tom Driscoll, residents of San Francisco’s Monterey Heights neighborhood.

Driscoll, a lawyer, serves on the boards of several arts groups and of the San Francisco State University Foundation; and Quinn, as a consultant to midsize arts organizations, finds plenty of people eager to place events at her and Driscoll’s large and well-appointed domicile. The couple began by hosting Menahem Pressler during his appearance with Midsummer Mozart in 2000. (The famed virtuoso fell in love with their Hoffman grand piano, not to mention the window view of the Pacific from its bench.)

They later opened their downstairs bedroom and bath to young Klein competitors from elsewhere (among them violinist Tessa Lark, recently profiled in SFCV) and started hosting concerts by returning Klein winners. Driscoll and Quinn have similarly accommodated the American Bach Soloists, Noe Valley Chamber Music, San Francisco Choral Artists, Tyrolean Opera, the Singer’s Gym, and the Conspirare Choir, and have hosted wine tastings for the San Francisco Chamber Orchestra, the awards ceremony for Theatre Bay Area, a birthday party for the Alexander Quartet’s Paul Yarbrough, and performances of jazz, rock, and dance.

“People come in, and we invite them down here,” says Driscoll, guiding a visitor past the Hoffman and down a short stairway, into a wine cellar he excavated out of the hillside. “What I typically do, I stand over here and talk about the wines and let them taste.” This can happen before or after the performance upstairs, where there may also be food.

“But there are rules,” Quinn points out. “The board [of the arts organization] has to be very involved, it can’t be staff-driven, and they need to meet with me first. I get them to figure out what kind of event they want: Is it donor-cultivation, ticketed, or a thank-you for hundred-dollars-and-up donors? I tell people that the goal is for people to have such a good time that the next time you invite them, they’re gonna come, and bring some friends.”

Feedback to the hosts has been satisfying, Quinn confirms. “The line I steal from Rick Boyer, who’s on the board of American Bach Soloists, is, This is living! It is really the opportunity to hear chamber music the way it grew.”

The View From the Hot Seat: Musicians Respond

Chamber musicians themselves react similarly. Bettina Mussumeli, first violinist of the Ives String Quartet, had her first experience of house concerts while living in Europe with her ensemble and life partner, violist Jodi Levitz. “You get to play sometimes in Venetian palaces, and that’s truly where it was meant to be played,” says Mussumeli. “Especially when you talk about Mozart and Haydn and Boccherini and those guys, it was played among friends, and that’s how they got to know each other’s music; that’s how the music was originally distributed.”

Mussumeli admits to having at first been intimidated, during her forays into house concertizing in Europe, by “being three feet from the audience. As musicians today, we’re trained to project to the back of a big hall, often without good acoustics, and that kind of sound production is completely different from what you do in a small situation.” Mimi Lee, pianist with the BELLA Piano Trio, talks of similar “nerve-wracking” challenges, which she contrasts with “playing in a larger venue like a concert hall, when the lights are dimmed and you don’t see any particular faces.”“The guest list started out with just friends, and then word-of-mouth went crazy.” –House Concert Impresario George Hecksher
Yet both these musicians have come to favor the advantages of house concerts. The Ives has appeared in cellist Tanya Tompkins’ Benvenue House Music series, at homes in Berkeley and Mill Valley, and in the Ives’ own Music in Context Salon Series, at a Palo Alto home. In the give-and-take over refreshments, “A lot of people talk about the difference of performance in a smaller venue,” Mussumeli reports. “They talk about being that close to that much energy (which makes me smile), and about being able to see into the workings of the group much better. They see how we communicate, how we lean into each other, and they see the little smirks when something didn’t go quite right. It’s inviting them much more to be participants.”
The Ives has brought in UC musicologist Derek Katz to illuminate the topics of their Salon Series, which on March 3 will consider “How did Tchaikovsky adapt to writing string quartets, where his gift for melody might not be enough to carry the day?”

Lee estimates that 30 to 40 percent of her performances with the BELLA Trio occur as house concerts, several of them at a patron’s home at San Francisco’s highest residential elevation, atop Twin Peaks, where they’ll be this Saturday, Feb. 23. “There’s something very intimate and personal in how we can connect with the audience,” says Lee about these events. “People watch the dynamic between us, hear the sounds we’re making, and become part of that musical conversation. There’s stuff that happens, sometimes spontaneously, sometimes despite the best planning — we adjust and respond to that, and I think the audience is sensitive to when that kind of thing is happening. It makes house concerts really exciting.”

Both these chamber ensembles relish the opportunity to both engage and educate aficionados. “With a Mozart or a Haydn quartet, we can play it the way we were taught back at Juilliard [School], and then do it the way Philharmonia Baroque would do it, and show the difference in sound,” says Mussumeli. “And some of the more modern pieces, like the Schulhoff string quartet, we’ll talk about how one creates an understandable language within the boundaries of atonality. When you give people a road map, they’re not intimidated any more by modern music.”

“We try to bring in our personalities, style, and sound, and explain what about that music speaks to us,” adds Lee. “In the Piazzolla Four Seasons of Buenos Aires, where you can feel you’re in Argentina on a summer’s day, we’re trying to stretch certain notes out to give it that elasticity. If we can demonstrate that, it kind of demystifies things.”

“People talk about being close to that much energy, and about being able to see into the workings of the group much better. They see how we communicate, how we lean into each other.” –Ives Quartet Violinist Bettina Mussumeli

With her M.D.-Ph.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a bunch of avocations, Lee also cherishes the opportunity to converse with her diverse audiences, “where all my worlds collide into each other, making everything feel more human. Sharing common interests in music or neuroscience or medicine or yoga, it’s inspiring, and I guess it makes me feel not so alone.”

Growing interest in chamber music among younger musicians has helped spawn house concerts across the U.S., including composer Andrea Clearfield’s 25-plus-years’ series in Philadelphia. Mimi Lee attended a few such events in her native New York, but has found that “It’s much easier to get that person-to person human connection here — people have less of a guard up, and because the Bay Area is smaller, it feels less anonymous.” Other local hosts have included composer Gordon Getty; his Pacific Heights neighbor George Hecksher may revive his own popular series after his daughter departs for college.

A Composer Sets the Stage
Meanwhile, composer J.J. Hollingsworth is preparing for the first-ever concert in the large three-level home she recently acquired in the Outer Sunset neighborhood of San Francisco, with an inheritance from the sale of her late father, Vade’s, cattle ranch in Colorado. Hollingsworth has long dreamed of playing host, after having to settle for sharing small rented apartments with her husband and producing a series at the too-large Temple United Methodist Church. Chancing on a property for sale, she walked in and immediately envisioned an elevated stage and seating area in what used to be the dining room and living room, adjoining a kitchen where hors d’oeuvres and beverages could be prepared.

She hired a construction crew, which proved capable not only of renovating her property and crafting a handsome, comfortable space for house concerts, but also of appearing on the new stage. “Most of them are musicians,” beams Hollingsworth, introducing the crew. “Stefen Habekoss is a luthier, Ricardo Nuñez plays guitar and piano, and Mike Salerno is a guitarist and record collector,” as well as a set builder for the Golden Gate Opera. Her series will launch with another crew member, Sergei Chelakov, singing and playing Ukrainian, Russian, and original songs on March 10 and 16. Future concerts will showcase Hollingsworth’s original opera, Pomp and Circumstances, and she’s extending invitations to such musician friends as soprano Ellen St. Thomas, flautist Gail Edwards, and Kronos Quartet founder David Harrington.
Among the delights of house concerts Hollingsworth will celebrate, besides entertaining neighbors and old and new friends under her own roof, are that “I can have control over whether my Mathushek piano is tuned. And if I get just a few dozen people, I can feel like I have a full house.”

Ives Strikes a Chord, No Question Is Unanswered

February 15, 2013
By David Bratman, San Francisco Classical Voice

The Ives Quartet recital at St. Mark’s Church in Palo Alto on Friday was a feast of chords. I had not heard the Ives at St. Mark’s in a long time, if ever — I more usually attend its concerts at Le Petit Trianon in San Jose — and I was impressed with the players’ ability to fill this somewhat problematic space with a richness and full body of sound.

Each Ives Quartet concert this season includes a modern American composition. For this concert, it was the major item on the program, the Quartet No. 2 by David Conte. Conte teaches at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where Ives violinist Bettina Mussumeli and violist Jodi Levitz are also on the faculty. He composed this work three years ago for the Ives players, with their collaboration and advice.
Conte’s quartet is a spacious, wide-spanning work in four movements. Like Mark Volkert, whose Pandora was recently premiered by the San Francisco Symphony, Conte combines a strong modernist idiom with a respect for traditional forms: The quartet includes a sonata-allegro movement and a modified rondo. In both cases, though, the form is of less moment than what the composer says in it.
Although Conte’s quartet contains a fair number of solo phrases for each instrument — I was particularly taken with an emphatic pizzicato passage for viola in the third movement — it’s focused much less on solo display than on the interplay and cooperation of the instruments. The solos are accompanied by interesting material for the other players, and much of the work is focused directly on its harmony: the chords the instruments make while playing together. Rhythm, complex and shifting throughout the work, plays little role in establishing a pulse in the largely rhapsodic flow, except for hints of ostinato in the second movement scherzo.

Conte writes in his program notes of his interest in opening up his music through the use of complex and unusual scales: the pentatonic scale, the diminished scale (eight different notes within an octave instead of the normal seven), the use of enharmonic shifts to visit new harmonic realms. The result in this quartet is fairly strong dissonance throughout, in a fascinating context of a variety of moods. Of the eclectic collection of influences, the most striking to my ears came in the broad open harmonies in the chords that make up most of the slow passages, particularly the introduction to the first movement and the entire third movement elegy. Conte writes of his admiration for the long melodies of Roy Harris and Aaron Copland, for whom such broad harmonies are typical, and the listener is certainly primed to hear that inspiration in these sections.

Tchaikovsky Goes With the Flow
The other large work on the program was Tchaikovsky’s Quartet No. 1 in D Major, Op. 11. This is also an expansive, chordal-based work built more on flow than on pulse. The first movement’s opening theme sets the tone: All four instruments moving in the same rhythm emit a thick, piquant harmony full of double-stops, producing something that’s less a melody than a harmony, a series of chords. A rich, balanced sound is essential here, and the Ives Quartet provided it. Intonation was more problematic than was timing. The greater weakness lay in solo passages. Mussumeli’s solos, in particular, tended to get lost amid the strong sound from her colleagues.

The exception to all the above was the slow movement, the Andante cantabile. This is by far the best-known part of the quartet, and also its least typical part. The muted sound was soft and smooth, proving that the Ives Quartet can sound tender when it’s most appropriate. Mussumeli’s lead was gracious and strong. The accompaniment for this movement consists largely of independent lines, and all the other players, second violinist Susan Freier and cellist Stephen Harrison no less than Mussumeli and Levitz, made equal contributions to the whole.
The concert began with Haydn’s Quartet in D Major, Op. 50, No. 6. This is a somber and complex piece, played with a thickness that complemented Conte’s work. Cascading echoing figures from instrument to instrument in a thick soup of harmonic context, themes whose endings wrap around back into their beginnings so that it’s hardly detectable when they begin anew, pungent harmonies between the two violins when playing together, almost-moaning comments from the viola and cello behind them — all these typified both the work and this interpretation.

Haydn’s quartet bears the nickname “The Frog,” possibly for the moment in the finale where the first violin is directed to shift between the same note on an open string and an adjacent stopped string. The resulting croaking sound — more of a fluttering warble in this performance; maybe the nickname should have been “The Bird” — topped off an enjoyable performance.

David Conte creates String Quartet for IQ

Happy New Year!

Thank you photo of IQ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We’re so excited about David Conte’s new piece written especially for us!

Here’s what he has to say:

String Quartet No. 2 was composed between July 2009 and January 2010. I wrote my First String Quartet in 1979 as my Master’s Thesis at Cornell University, and having composed a great deal of music for strings in the intervening thirty years, I was delighted to be given the opportunity by the Ives Quartet to return to this rewarding and challenging medium.